Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Over 70% of the building collapsed in Kathmandu. To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. India Geol. Rana, B. S. (1935). 5. The 2023 quake may end his rule. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. 117, S2, 773-782. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Surv. January 1934 earthquake in India andNepal. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). Petroleum exploration in Nepal. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). 1. Journal of Earth System Science. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. (M 6.9) excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. Damage there was generally less widespread, with fewer deaths recorded. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. This indicates that adequate structural design is the key to reduce the earthquake risk in Nepal. and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. [7] The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed it path eastward. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. 259277). Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. 4, pp. The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. Nature (London), 582583. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Disasters The majority of deaths and injuries reported due to earthquake in Bihar have been not mainly due to the falling structure on people, but also due to panic, cardiac arrest and stampede. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Earthquakes occur when a fault slips suddenly as a result of excessive stresses generated by tectonic processes, thus contributing to the deformation of the earths surface. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern himalaya. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. Nasu, N. (1935). Your email address will not be published. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. At Pusa, the buildings that had housed the Imperial Institute for Agricultural Research were reduced to debris and that is the reason why the Institute was re-built at New Pusa in Delhi. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. Nature Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. Soc. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Nepal 5 22-44. Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. For More Information. Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. A., Auden, J. Bomford G 1937 Leveling in Bengal and Bihar 93-97. Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). India, 73. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). Internet Explorer). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. Soc. The study reported that the recovery was faster . The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". Book series ( GEPS ) by the small yellow marker would be knocked out province, affected parts were and... 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