C4 plants may be better adapted now, as the current carbon dioxide levels are much lower than 100 million years ago. Engineering the C3 plants to C4 or CAM pathway can help scientist to almost double the biomass yield from the same resources. C4 plants are much more efficient at capturing carbon dioxide. C3 and C4 plants incorporate CO2 into 3 and 4 carbon compounds. There is a circle of bundle sheath cells with chloroplasts around vascular bundles by which C4 plants can be identified. The difference between C3 and C4 plants. System flow of the comparison between C3 and C4 metabolic networks Engineering the C3 plants to C4 or CAM pathway can help scientist to almost double the biomass yield from the same resources. Difference between c3 and c4 plants table 13.1 Ask for details ; Follow Report by Nasirabdul811 04.06.2019 Log in to add a comment Furthermore, C3 plants show less photosynthetic efficiency while C4 plants show high photosynthetic efficiency. As the name indicates, these plants carry out the C4 photosynthetic mechanism. The present post describes the similarities and differences between C3 plants and C4 Plants. The key difference between C4 and CAM plants is that in C4 plants, carbon fixation takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells while in CAM plants, carbon fixation takes place only in mesophyll cells.. Here, we are classifying them into two major types C3 and C4 plants. C3 plants are abundant in temperate conditions. @. The main difference between C3 and C4 plants is, C3 plants uses the C3 pathway and majority of plant son this Earth are C3 plants, while on the other hand, C4 plants uses the C4 pathway. This difference presumably results from the relatively smaller investment of N in the photosynthetic carboxylation enzymes of C 4 plants than of C 3 plants. In C3 plants, the complete steps of dark reaction takes place in the mesophyll cells only. C3 plants produce phosphoglyceric acid as the first stable product of the dark reaction. C4 plants possess two CO2 acceptors (primary acceptor and secondary acceptor). It is due to the photorespiration seen in C3 plants which is negligible in C4 plants. 2. Difference between Mesophyll Chloroplasts and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts in C4 Plants, @. C 4 Plants. 1. C4 plants have better robustness no matter the objective function is biomass synthesis or CO 2 fixation. Plants utilizing only the C3 cycle are most common in the Plant kingdom. C4 requires tropical and dry environments. In C4 plants, the mesophyll cells will only do the initial steps of C4 cycle. Photorespiration rate is very high in C3 plants. Carbon dioxide acceptor. As a result, the δ 13 C Phytoliths value difference between C 3 and C 4 plants is much smaller ~ 3‰ compared to 16.9‰ difference between the source C 3 and C 4 plants. During the light reaction of photosynthesis, photolysis of water molecules occurs. The rate of translocation of end-products of photosynthesis is very high in C4 plants. Practice: Photorespiration. Furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants is less than the photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants. The general equation of photosynthesis (6CO2 + 12H2O → 6C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O) is similar in both C3 and C4 plants. There is more abundance of C3 plants as compared to the C4 plants. The first stable product formed in C4 cycle is a four carbon (4C) compound, hence the name. The system flow of our analysis is shown in Figure Figure2.2. Majority of the plants (~95%) on earth are C3 type. C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright © 2010-2018 Difference Between. Whats people lookup in this blog: Approximately 1% of plant species have C4 biochemistry. C3 plants are cool season plants, commonly seen in cool and wet areas. C3 plants uses C3 cycle or Calvin cycle for dark reaction of photosynthesis. Leaves of the C4 plants … The main difference between C3 C4 and CAM photosynthesis is that C3 photosynthesis produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin cycle, and C4 photosynthesis produces an intermediate four-carbon compound, which split into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin cycle, whereas CAM photosynthesis gathers sunlight during the day and fix carbon dioxide at night. Dr.Samanthi Udayangani holds a B.Sc. On the other hand, C4 plants produce oxalo-acetic acid as the first stable product of the dark reaction. Most importantly, the leaves of these plants show a special type of anatomy called “Kranz Anatomy”. C3 plants can perform photosynthesis only when the stomata are open. Moreover, C3 plants do not have Kranz anatomy in leaves, and also they don’t have two types of chloroplasts. Find out the top 15 important difference between C3, C4 and CAM pathway. Main or the key difference between C3 and C4 is that C3 are found in all photosynthetic plants and C4 are found usually in tropical plants. About 95% of the plants on earth are C3 plants. Chloroplasts monomorphic (single type) in C3 plants (usual granal type). Fixing carbon is the way plants remove the carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide and turn it into organic molecules like carbohydrates. When considering the structural differences, C3 plants do not have two types of chloroplasts and Kranz anatomy in leaves. Leaf anatomy in C 4 plants: Leaves of C 4 plants show two type of cells viz. The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the C3 photosynthetic pathway. First stable product in C4 cycle is a 4 carbon (4C) compound – Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA). The difference between C3 and C4 plants. In the dark reaction, these energy rich molecules are used up for the synthesis of carbohydrates with carbon dioxide. Vol.72, 1983 provide newand additional evidence that the action ofmercury vaporuponplants appears to beselective in nature (6, 9). The C4 Plants, evolved from the C3 plants, have high nitrogen and water use efficiency. C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. For the synthesis of glucose, C3 plants require 12 NADPH molecules and 18 ATP molecules while C4 plants require 12 NADPH molecules and 30 ATP molecules. C3 requires cool and wet environments. Photosynthetic functions occur in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. About 85% of plants are C3 plants, and 15% of plants are C4 plants. Photorespiration. C4 and CAM plants are no like most plants, which are categorized as C3 plants, because they are more adapted to live in hotter environments where water is not readily available. There are essentially three different types of dark reaction pathways are operated in different plants on earth and they are named on the basis of the components of these pathways. Chloroplasts dimorphic: Those in the bundle sheath are large agranal and those in mesophyll are small and granal. @. In C3 plants, both mesophyll cells and BS cells are photosynthetic, but the BS cells are elongated with fewer chloroplasts. It is because of the occurrence of photorespiration in C3 plants. Likewise, interaction with oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at the same site on Rubisco. In contrast, only about 3% are C4 plants while about 8% were identified as CAM plants as of 2010 (Simpson 2010). C4 plants require an optimum temperature range of 32 – 55oC. the difference in Hgvapor uptake between C3 and C4 species might be influenced by light and temperature. Very true and essay language, complete different between C3 and C4 plant. For a considerable period of time, the C3 cycle was thought to be the only dark reaction pathway in plants. C4 plants produce fewer amounts of crude proteins than C3 plants. The optimum temperature for growth is low to high in C3 plants. C3 plants can perform photosynthesis only when the stomata are open. However, C3 plants are unable to carry out photosynthesis when the stomata are closed and under very high light concentrations and low CO2 concentrations. A feature of C3 grasses is their greater tolerance of frost compared to C4 grasses. Therefore, C4 plants dominate grassland floras and biomass production in the warmer climates of the tropical and Therefore, in order to prevent photorespiration, there are three different ways that dark reaction occurs in plants to prevent the meeting of oxygen with Rubisco. C3 plants are less efficient when the temperature increases. However, oxygen generated from the light reaction can bind with the main enzyme of the dark reaction which is RuBP oxygenase-carboxylase (Rubisco) and carry out photorespiration. Difference between C3 C4 and CAM plants SCIENCE LEARNING ACADEMY. What are C3 Plants Those rudimentary genes that formed the C4 pathways are also present in plants. 1. They all have light-dependent reactions and the Calvin-Benson cycle. In C4 plant is 30ATP. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) is the enzyme that catalyzes this carboxylation reaction in plants. What are C4 Plants Leaf anatomy in C 3 plants: Leaves of C 3 plants show only one type of cell called mesophyll cells which contain mesophyll chloroplast thus in these plants C 3 pathway occur. Main Difference – C3 vs C4 plants. C3 plants have a higher rate of photorespiration, whereas C4 plants have a lower rate of photorespiration. C3, C4, and CAM plants. For C3 and C4 plants, the stomata are open during the day. No.C3 PlantsC4 Plants1C3 plants uses C3 cycle or Calvin cycle for dark reaction of photosynthesis.C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis.2Examples of C3 plants: Wheat, Rye, Oats, Rice, Cotton, Sunflower, Chlorella.Examples of C4 plants: Maize, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Amaranthus.3First stable product in C3 cycle is a 3 carbon (3C) compound – Phosphoglyceric Acid (PGA).First stable product in C4 cycle is a 4 carbon (4C) compound – Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA).4C3 plants are cool season plants, commonly seen in cool and wet areas.C4 plants are warm season plants, commonly seen in dry areas.5Majority of plants on earth are C3 plants (~95% of total green plants).C4 plants are less in number (about ~5%).6C3 plants are abundant in temperate conditions.C4 plants are abundant in tropical conditions.7Leaves of C3 plants do not have Kranz anatomy.Leaves of C4 plants show Kranz Anatomy.8In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts.In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts.9In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place.In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).10C3 plants possess only one CO2 acceptor.C4 plants possess two CO2 acceptors (primary acceptor and secondary acceptor).11The atmospheric CO2 acceptor in C3 plants is RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate).The first CO2 acceptor (primary acceptor or atmospheric CO2 acceptor) in C4 plants is PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate)12No secondary CO2 acceptor in C3 plants.The secondary acceptor of CO2 (metabolic CO2 acceptor) in C4 plants is RuBP.13In C3 plants, the complete steps of dark reaction takes place in the mesophyll cells only.In C4 plants, the mesophyll cells will only do the initial steps of C4 cycle. C3 plants carry out the Calvin cycle and produce three-carbon compound as the first stable product while the C4 plants carry out C4 mechanism and produce four carbon compound as the first stable product. CAM is a carbon fixation pathway that revolved in some plants. CAM plants are C4 so hold the CO2 taken in while the stomata are open. C4 plants can do photosynthesis even in the closed condition of stomata. All plants use C3 as the basis but C4 plants have an additional step that separates the C3 & C4 cycles in space. Difference Between C3 And C4 Plants In Tabular Form. Carbon dioxide fixation. 3. The major difference in C4 and CAM plants is when and where the carbon fixation initially occurs. 4. Both C3 and C4 plants fix energy from sunlight. Learn the difference between C3 and C4 plants here. As the name indicates, they carry out C3 photosynthetic mechanism that is Calvin cycle. Loading... Unsubscribe from SCIENCE LEARNING ACADEMY? Your email address will not be published. Photorespiration is a process that wastes energy and decreases carbohydrate synthesis. In C3 plant is 18ATP but This study will shed light on the metabolism changes from C3 to C4 at systems level, which is important for feasible engineering of C3 to C4 plants. Cancel Unsubscribe. An example of C3 are Sunflower, Spinach, Beans, Rice, Cotton, while the example of C4 plants is Sugarcane, Sorghum, and Maize, and Cacti, orchids are the example of CAM plants. 2. Photorespiration occurs due to the oxygenase activity of Rubisco enzyme. Learn more: Difference between C3 and C4 Cycle. Both C3 and C4 are types of dark reactions of photosynthesis. main difference between C3 and C4 cycle is the first stable compound produced by these reactions; the first stable compound produced in the C3 cycle is a three carbon Examples of C3 plants: Wheat, Rye, Oats, Rice, Cotton, Sunflower, Chlorella. Also, both types of plants carry out the same light reaction. Moreover, a further difference between C3 and C4 plants is that the C3 plants fix carbon dioxide only once while C4 plants fix carbon dioxide twice. They comprise about 85% of all plant species (Moore et al. in Molecular and Applied Microbiology, and PhD in Applied Microbiology. The paper does A,ND FANG PlantPhysiol. C3, C4, and CAM plants. Thus, it is clear that photorespiration is a light stimulated process that consumes oxygen and evolves carbon dioxide. A feature of C3 grasses is their greater tolerance of frost compared to C4 grasses. Similarities Between C3 and C4 Plants Thanks a lot to the creator of this content really helped me in my studies. There are essentially three different types of dark reaction pathways are operated in different plants on earth and they are named on the basis of the components of these pathways. 95% of the green plants are C3 plants. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells). @. C3 plants are defined as the plants that use the C3 pathway in the dark reaction of photosynthesis. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis in C3 plants is very low. Carbon dioxide enters from the atmosphere to the mesophyll cells through the stomata. C4 cycle is comparatively recent in origin. It hypothesizes that C 4 plants have a greater N use efficiency (biomass production per unit of N in the plant) than do C 3 plants. In fact, it is the first stable product of the C3 plants. @. In Table 2 can be seen the differences in the percentage volume of air space of total leaf volume in C3 and C4 monocotyledonous species. Difference Between C3 And C4 Plants Table Easy Biology Class ... c3 and c4 plants ripe anatomical differences between c3 and c4 leaves a oryza scientific diagram major differences difference between c3 and c4 plants vs c4 engineering plants diagram quizlet. Plant Physiology: Difference between Topics. Whats people lookup in this blog: Table Showing C3 and C4 Plants Differences Table showing C3 and C4 plants differences. @. Difference between C3 and C4 Plants. All of these plants are able to adapt to arid, high heat and light environmental conditions. Sort by: Top Voted. Therefore, C4 plants dominate grassland floras and biomass production in the warmer climates of the tropical and Terms of Use and Privacy Policy: Legal. Photosynthesis is a light-driven process that converts carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich sugars in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Furthermore, they have chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. Find out the top 15 important difference between C3, C4 and CAM pathway. Practice: Photorespiration. Available here  C3 plants are very common while C4 plants are very rare. Sugar cane, sorghum, maize, and grasses are C4 plants. The carbon dioxide compensation point is high (about 50 ppm) in C3 plants. Subsequent steps are carried out in bundle sheath cells. The reaction is catalyzed by PEP carboxylase enzyme. C3 photosynthesis produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin cycle while C4 photosynthesis makes an intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a … In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the light reactions occur in … Therefore, this is the key difference between C3 and C4 plants. It is a four-carbon compound. Then PEP converts into malate and then into pyruvate liberating CO2. Both C3 and C4 plants fix carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrates. Chloroplasts do have peripheral reticulum. C4 photosynthesis is thought to have arisen nearly 12 million years ago; long after the evolution of C3 mechanism. I’m very happy to get your pupplication, thank for all!! Figure2. Their photosynthetic equation is similar. Overview and Key Difference C4 plants have 50% higher photosynthesis efficiency than C3 plants. C 4 plants use the C 4 carbon fixation pathway to increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity. This 3 minute tutorial discusses the differences between the three types of photosynthesis: C3, C4 and CAM. Available here, 1.”Simplified photorespiration diagram”By Rachel Purdon – Own work, (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia  The key difference between C3 and C4 plants is that the C3 plants form a three-carbon compound as the first stable product of the dark reaction while the C4 plants form a four-carbon compound as the first stable product of the dark reaction. The main difference between C3 and C4 cycle is the first stable compound produced by these reactions; the first stable compound produced in the C3 cycle is a three carbon compound called 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) whereas the first stable compound produced in the C4 cycle is a four carbon compound called oxaloacetic acid (OAA). C3 plants require an optimum temperature range of 18 – 24oC. The main difference between C4 and CAM plants is the way they minimize water loss. So the only real difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis is that between the light-dependent and Calvin-Benson cycle, there is an additional step where carbon is transported to the interior of the leaf. C3 cycle is evolved about 2.5 billion years ago. Therefore, this is also a significant difference between C3 and C4 plants. In the dark reaction, these energy rich molecules are used up for the synthesis of carbohydrates with carbon dioxide. C4 plants are more productive in hot and dry climates than C3 products because they use 3-fold less water and can grow in conditions … Photorespiration is altogether absent in C4 plants (if present very little). All rights reserved. Fully detailed to understand. Please Share with Your Friends... Green plants are unique to possess the ability to fix light energy from sunlight through a process called photosynthesis. In fact, there's even a plant called Agave Angustifolia that switches back and forth between modes as the local system dictates. Around 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants. C3 and C4 plants incorporate CO2 into 3 and 4 carbon compounds. Furthermore, C4 photosynthesis is found in both monocot and dicot species. These differences are most obvious between the graminaceous C3 and C4 species except for Poa and Bambusa. The CO2 fixation is comparatively faster in C4 plants. C4 plants are warm season plants, commonly seen in dry areas. Degree in Plant Science, M.Sc. C3 photosynthesis is thought to have arisen nearly 3.5 billion years ago. These competing reactions normally run at a ratio of 3:1 (carbon: oxygen). Below are the details. Growth of C3 plants begins when soil temperature reach 4 – 7oC. C4 Plants are plants exhibits C4 pathway which is called as C4 plants. Her research interests include Bio-fertilizers, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, Soil Fungi, and Fungal Ecology. Oxygenation of Rubisco works in the opposite direction to carboxylation, effectively undoes photosynthesis by wasting large amounts of carbon originally fixed by the Calvin cycle at great expense, and results in loss of carbon dioxide from the cells that are fixing carbon dioxide. Examples of C4 plants: Maize, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Amaranthus. Likewise, the Calvin cycle occurs cyclically while producing carbohydrates. Difference between Mesophyll Chloroplasts and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts in C4 Plants, Plant Physiology: Difference between Topics. Perfect notes. Occurs twice, first in mesophyll cells, then in bundle sheath cells. Subsequent steps are carried out in bundle sheath cells.14Chloroplasts monomorphic (single type) in C3 plants (usual granal type).Chloroplasts dimorphic: Those in the bundle sheath are large agranal and those in mesophyll are small and granal.15Chloroplasts do not contain peripheral reticulum.Chloroplasts do have peripheral reticulum.16C3 plants can perform photosynthesis only when the stomata are open.C4 plants can do photosynthesis even in the closed condition of stomata.17The optimum temperature for photosynthesis in C3 plants is very low.The optimum temperature for photosynthesis in C4 plants is high.18C3 plants are less efficient in Photosynthetic energy fixation.C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis.19Photorespiration rate is very high in C3 plants.Photorespiration is altogether absent in C4 plants (if present very little).20The carbon dioxide compensation point is high (about 50 ppm) in C3 plants.The carbon dioxide compensation point is low in C4 plants (2 to 5 or even 0 ppm).21C3 plants require an optimum temperature range of 18 – 24oC.C4 plants require an optimum temperature range of 32 – 55oC.22Growth of C3 plants begins when soil temperature reach 4 – 7oC.Growth of C4 plants begins when the soil temperature reach 16 – 21oC.23C3 plants are less efficient when the temperature increases.C4 plants are more efficient when the temperature increases.24C3 plants produce higher percentage of crude proteins than C4 plants.C4 plants produce fewer amounts of crude proteins than C3 plants.25The CO2 fixation is slow in C3 plants.The CO2 fixation is comparatively faster in C4 plants.26The rate of translocation of the end-products of photosynthesis very low in C3 plants.The rate of translocation of end-products of photosynthesis is very high in C4 plants.27The optimum temperature for growth is low to high in C3 plants.The optimum temperature of growth is high in C4 plants.28C3 cycle is evolved about 2.5 billion years ago.C4 cycle is comparatively recent in origin. C3 Plants: Plants which uses C3 cycle (Calvin cycle) of dark reaction of photosynthesis. Photorespiration. As a result, C4 plants have twice as the photosynthetic capacity as C3 plants and can cope with higher temperatures, less water, and available nitrogen. In this pathway, carbon dioxide fixation occurs twice. The first CO2 acceptor (primary acceptor or atmospheric CO2 acceptor) in C4 plants is PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate). @. @media (max-width: 1171px) { .sidead300 { margin-left: -20px; } } C3 Plants is the plants exhibiting C3 pathway which is also called as C3 plants. Originated about 12 million years ago. The first reaction is the fixing of carbon dioxide with Ribulose bisphosphate into phosphoglycerate which is a three-carbon compound. C4 plants produce more amounts of crude protein than C3 plants. Sl. In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. It is a three-carbon compound. The physical separation cost a bit more in energy but conserves water very well so works better in warmer climates with intense sunlight. response to environment conditions in C3 and C4 plants. i really want these notes they are helpful to me, Your email address will not be published. It evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures, and dryness. Soybeans Soybeans Squash How is it done? 4. C3 plants produce higher percentage of crude proteins than C4 plants. The key difference between C3, C4 and CAM photosynthesis is the way plants extract carbon dioxide from sunlight, which depends largely on the plant's habitat. The first stable product formed in C3 cycle is a three carbon (3C) compound, hence the name. C4 plants are less than C3 but they are efficient in carrying out the process of photosynthesis. On the other hand, C4 plants are more adapted to warm or hot seasonal conditions under moist or dry environments. In the mesophyll cell cytoplasm, CO2 first fixes with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which acts as a primary acceptor. ATP required RuBP, a 5-C-compound. (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({}), If you like this post, Please leave a Comment for me.. (below…), BotanyZoologyBiochemistryGeneticsMolecular BiologyBiotechnologyHuman PhysiologyPlant PhysiologyMicrobiologyImmunologyEmbryologyEcologyEvolutionBiophysicsResearch Meth.BiostatisticsChemistryPhysics, Lecture NotesBiology PPTVideo TutorialsBiology MCQQuestion BankDifference betweenPractical AidsMock Tests (MCQ)Biology Exams, @. The C4 Plants lives as hot moist or arid and nonsaline habitats. Study.com, Study.com. And, this CO2 again fixes for the second time with Ribulose bisphosphate, to form 2 phosphoglycerate to carry out Calvin cycle. C4 Plants occurs in Grasses, Sugar cane, Maize, Atriplex and Amarathus. C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. ELEMENTS OF COMPARISON: C3 Plants C4 Plants: Meaning: These are plants whose first product after carbon assimilation from sunlight is 3 carbon molecule or 3- phosphoglyceric acid for production of energy. 95% of the trees plants and shrubs on Earth are C3 plants. Difference between C3 and C4 Plants. LITERATURE CITED 1. This is the currently selected item. 19. C 3 Plants. Very few plants (~5%) on earth are C4 type. -This gene can be found in sugar cane -Restriction enzymes can be used to cut out the SCR gene from sugarcane -The Then the dark reaction starts. The photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants is very high due to the absence of photorespiration. The main difference between C3 and C4 plants is, C3 plants uses the C3 pathway and majority of plant son this Earth are C3 plants, while on the other hand, C4 plants uses the C4 pathway. Sort by: Top Voted. The light reaction of photosynthesis is similar in both C3 and C4 plants. C4 plants are present in dry and high-temperature areas. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. @. As a result of photolysis of water, oxygen liberates as a byproduct. Furthermore, C3 plants and C4 plants differ from the first carbon dioxide acceptor. Up Next. Both C3 and C4 plants require 6 molecules of CO2 and 12 molecules of water to synthesis one molecule of glucose. Most of the plants follow the Calvin cycle, which is the C3 photosynthesis pathway.These plants grow in regions where there is adequate water availability.